(R1889) Analysis of Resonant Curve in the Earth-Moon System under the Effect of Resistive Force and Earth’s Equatorial Ellipticity

In the present paper, we have determined the equations of motion of the Moon in spherical coordinate system using the gravitational potential of Earth. Using perturbation, equations of motion are reduced to a second order differential equation. From the solution, two types of resonance are observed: (i) due to the frequencies–rate of change of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter and Earth’s rotation rate, and (ii) due to the frequencies–angular velocity of the bary-center around the sun and Earth’s rotation rate. Resonant curves are drawn where oscillatory amplitude becomes infinitely large at the resonant points. The effect of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter and resistive force on the resonant curve is analyzed. From the graphs it is observed that the effect of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity on the resonant curve is very small while the effect of resistive force is significant. It is also observed that oscillatory amplitude decreases when the magnitude of resistive force increases. Finally, the phase portrait is analyzed when the system is free from forces. Orbits in the phase space are also studied by applying the method of Poincare section. A necessary condition for the bifurcation is derived at the end

An experimental and simulation study on parametric analysis in turning of inconel 718 and GFRP composite using coated and uncoated tools

Process simulation is one of the important aspects in any manufacturing/production context because it generates the scenarios to gain insight into process performance in reasonable time and cost. With upcoming worldwide applications of Inconel 718 and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites, machining has become an important issue which needs to be investigated in detail. In turning of hard materials (such as Inconel 718), cutting tool environment features high-localized temperatures (~1000ºC) and high stress (~700 MPa) due to contact between cutting tool and work piece. The tool may experience repeated impact loads during interrupted cuts and the work piece chips may chemically interact with the tool materials. Therefore, the use of coated tool is preferred for turning of Inconel 718. It is observed that performance of machining process is influenced by different machining parameters such as spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate as in case of turning. Material removal rate (MRR) and flank wear in turning of Inconel 718 using physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coated on carbide insert tool are reported. A simulation model based on finite element approach is proposed using DEFORM 3D software. The simulation results are validated with experimental results. The results indicate that simulation model can be effectively used to predict the flank wear and MRR in turning of Inconel 718. For simultaneous optimization of multiple responses, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used to convert multiple responses into a single equivalent response so that uncertainty and fuzziness in data can be addressed in an effective manner. The single response characteristics so generated is known as Multi Performance characteristic Index (MPCI). A non-linear empirical model has been developed using regression analysis between MPCI and process parameters. The optimal process parameters are obtained by a recent population-based optimization method known as imperialistic competitive algorithm (ICA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to identify the most influencing factors for all the performance characteristics. The optimal conditions of process parameters during turning of Inconel 718 and GFRP composites are reported. It is observed that flank wear is combatively less when machined with PVD coated tool than CVD coated tool in turning of both Inconel 718 and GFRP composite

Paraneoplastic Fever, Leukemoid Reaction and Thrombocytosis in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Kidney: A Rare Presentation

We report a rare presentation of transitional cell carcinoma of kidney with paraneoplastic fever, leukemoid reaction and thrombocytosis. Description of the case highlights an unusual clinical scenario where fever, leucocytosis, pyuria and raised procalcitonin levels at presentation in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of kidney may mislead diagnostic work up toward an infective cause (i.e. pyelonephritis). This case will guide clinician to keep a high index of suspicion, in case they encounter such a situation

Assessment of machinability of inconel 718: A comparative study of CVD & PVD coated tools

281-297This paper highlights the parametric appraisal in turning of inconel 718 using fuzzy inference system coupled with imperialistic competitive algorithm (ICA) approach. The machining variables such as spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut have been taken into consideration to analyse their effect on evaluation characteristics viz. material removal rate (MRR), flank wear and surface roughness. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) has been used to integrate aforementioned evaluation characteristics into a single response known as multi performance characteristic index (MPCI) to address the issue of impreciseness and uncertainties involved in decision making. Mathematical models have also been proposed for MPCI using non-linear regression analysis which acts as an objective function in ICA. ICA is new meta-heuristic based on social political theory which is used to obtain global optimal parametric combination in machining of Inconel 718. The results indicate that single layer (single coating: AlTiN) physical vapour deposition (PVD) coated tool is more efficient as compared to multi-layered (four coatings: TiN, TiCN, Al2O3 and TiN) chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coated tool

Genome-wide study predicts promoter-G4 DNA motifs regulate selective functions in bacteria: radioresistance of D. radiodurans involves G4 DNA-mediated regulation

A remarkable number of guanine-rich sequences with potential to adopt non-canonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (or G4 DNA) are found within gene promoters. Despite growing interest, regulatory role of quadruplex DNA motifs in intrinsic cellular function remains poorly understood. Herein, we asked whether occurrence of potential G4 (PG4) DNA in promoters is associated with specific function(s) in bacteria. Using a normalized promoter-PG4-content (PG4P) index we analysed >60 000 promoters in 19 well-annotated species for (a) function class(es) and (b) gene(s) with enriched PG4P. Unexpectedly, PG4-associated functional classes were organism specific, suggesting that PG4 motifs may impart specific function to organisms. As a case study, we analysed radioresistance. Interestingly, unsupervised clustering using PG4P of 21 genes, crucial for radioresistance, grouped three radioresistant microorganisms including Deinococcus radiodurans. Based on these predictions we tested and found that in presence of nanomolar amounts of the intracellular quadruplex-binding ligand N-methyl mesoporphyrin (NMM), radioresistance of D. radiodurans was attenuated by ∼60%. In addition, important components of the RecF recombinational repair pathway recA, recF, recO, recR and recQ genes were found to harbour promoter-PG4 motifs and were also down-regulated in presence of NMM. Together these results provide first evidence that radioresistance may involve G4 DNA-mediated regulation and support the rationale that promoter-PG4s influence selective functions

Isolation and Characterization of Mannheimia varigena from a Murrah Buffalo

The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize phenotypically as well as genotypically bacterial strain from tracheal froth of a Murrah buffalo on the Government livestock farm (GLF) located at Hisar, Haryana. The isolate showed the cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of Mannheimia haemolytica as per Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology and as confirmed by GENIII microplate (biolog). However, the isolate was further confirmed as Mannheimia varigena by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of developing a deep learning (DL) algorithm for classifying brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement groups and to compare the accuracy with classification based on semantic features on imaging. Methods: Data set of 117 patients was analysed from 2014 to 2018 out of which 33 patients were EGFR positive, 43 patients were ALK positive and 41 patients were negative for either mutation. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture efficient net was used to study the accuracy of classification using T1 weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, T2 weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, T1W post contrast (T1post) MRI sequence, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% testing. The associations between mutation status and semantic features, specifically sex, smoking history, EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement status, extracranial metastasis, performance status and imaging variables of brain metastasis were analysed using descriptive analysis [chi-square test (χ2)], univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis assuming 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: In this study of 117 patients, the analysis by semantic method showed 79.2% of the patients belonged to ALK positive were non-smokers as compared to double negative groups (P = 0.03). There was a 10-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to EGFR positivity in ring enhancing lesions patients (P = 0.015) and there was also a 6.4-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to double negative groups in meningeal involvement patients (P = 0.004). Using CNN Efficient Net DL model, the study achieved 76% accuracy in classifying ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations without manual segmentation of metastatic lesions. Analysis of the manually segmented dataset resulted in improved accuracy of 89% through this model. Conclusions: Both semantic features and DL model showed comparable accuracy in classifying EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. Both methods can be clinically used to predict mutation status while biopsy or genetic testing is undertaken

Predominant floodplain over mountain weathering of Himalayan sediments (Ganga basin)

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 84 (2012): 410-432, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.001.We present an extensive river sediment dataset covering the Ganga basin from the Himalayan front downstream to the Ganga mainstream in Bangladesh. These sediments were mainly collected over several monsoon seasons and include depth profiles of suspended particles in the river water column. Mineral sorting is the first order control on the chemical composition of river sediments. Taking into account this variability we show that sediments become significantly depleted in mobile elements during their transit through the floodplain. By comparing sediments sampled at the Himalayan front with sediments from the Ganga mainstream in Bangladesh it is possible to budget weathering in the floodplain. Assuming a steady state weathering regime in the floodplain, the weathering of Himalayan sediments in the Gangetic floodplain releases ca. (189 ± 92)109 and (69 ± 22)109 moles/yr of carbonate bound Ca and Mg to the dissolved load, respectively. Silicate weathering releases (53 ± 18)109 and (42 ± 13)109 moles/yr of Na and K while the release of silicate Mg and Ca is substantially lower, between ca. 0 and 20109 moles/yr. Additionally, we show that sediment hydration, [H2O+], is a sensitive tracer of silicate weathering that can be used in continental detrital environments, such as the Ganga basin. Both [H2O+] content and the D/H isotopic composition of sediments increases during floodplain transfer in response to mineral hydrolysis and neoformations associated to weathering reactions. By comparing the chemical composition of river sediments across the floodplain with the composition of the eroded Himalayan source rocks, we suggest that the floodplain is the dominant location of silicate weathering for Na, K and [H2O+]. Overall this work emphasizes the role of the Gangetic floodplain in weathering Himalayan sediments. It also demonstrates how detrital sediments can be used as weathering tracers if mineralogical and chemical sorting effects are properly taken into account.This work was supported by INSU program “Relief de la Terre” and ANR Calimero. Valier Galy was supported by the U.S. National Science Fundation (Grant OCE-0851015)

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India

IMPORTANCE: There is no concrete evidence on the burden of TB among the tribal populations across India except for few studies mainly conducted in Central India with a pooled estimation of 703/100,000 with a high degree of heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of TB among the tribal populations in India. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, SETTING: A survey using a multistage cluster sampling design was conducted between April 2015 and March 2020 covering 88 villages (clusters) from districts with over 70% tribal majority populations in 17 States across 6 zones of India. The sample populations included individuals ≥15 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Eligible participants who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB); Two sputum specimens were examined by smear and culture. Prevalence was estimated after multiple imputations for non-coverage and a correction factor of 1.31 was then applied to account for non-inclusion of X-ray screening. RESULTS: A total of 74532 (81.0%) of the 92038 eligible individuals were screened; 2675 (3.6%) were found to have TB symptoms or h/o ATT. The overall prevalence of PTB was 432 per 100,000 populations. The PTB prevalence per 100,000 populations was highest 625 [95% CI: 496–754] in the central zone and least 153 [95% CI: 24–281] in the west zone. Among the 17 states that were covered in this study, Odisha recorded the highest prevalence of 803 [95% CI: 504–1101] and Jammu and Kashmir the lowest 127 [95% CI: 0–310] per 100,000 populations. Findings from multiple logistic regression analysis reflected that those aged 35 years and above, with BMI <18.5 Kgs /m(2), h/o ATT, smoking, and/or consuming alcohol had a higher risk of bacteriologically positive PTB. Weight loss was relatively more important symptom associated with tuberculosis among this tribal populations followed by night sweats, blood in sputum, and fever. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The overall prevalence of PTB among tribal groups is higher than the general populations with a wide variation of prevalence of PTB among the tribal groups at zone and state levels. These findings call for strengthening of the TB control efforts in tribal areas to reduce TB prevalence through tribal community/site-specific intervention programs